CREATION AND ACTIVITY OF PEDAGOGICAL MUTUAL HELP SOCIETIES IN BELARUS AT THE END OF THE 19th – BEGINNING OF THE 20th CENTURY

UDC 331.105.445:37-057.4«18/19»

 

Ostroga Valentina Mikhailovna – PhD (History), Associate Professor, Assistant Professor, the Department of History of Belarus and Political Science. Belarusian State Technological University (13a, Sverdlova str., 220006, Minsk, Republic of Belarus). E-mail: ostroga@belstu.by

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52065/2520-6885-2024-281-3.

 

Key words: pedagogical mutual aid societies, teaching, social and pedagogical movement, Vilna educational district, public education, educational institution.

For citation: Ostroga V. M. Creation and activity of pedagogical mutual help societies in Belarus at the end of the 19th – beginning of the 20th century. Proceedings of BSTU, issue 6, History, Рhilosophy, 2024, no. 1 (281), pp. 14–21 (In Russian). DOI: 10.52065/2520-6885-2024-281-3.

Abstract

The article emphasizes that the most important manifestation of the social and pedagogical movement of teachers was the creation of pedagogical mutual aid societies at the turn of the century in all provincial cities of Belarus. The main areas of activity of teachers' associations are considered: material support for their members (issuance of monetary assistance); opening dormitories for children of teachers who studied in secondary educational institutions; organizing sanatoriums for sick teachers; caring for the satisfaction of the spiritual needs of its members (creating mobile libraries, organizing the issuance of periodicals, publishing pedagogical journals, assistance in organizing trips to courses, congresses, etc.). Despite ministerial bans on even basic educational, didactic and cultural events, teachers' organizations drew public attention to education issues, criticized its shortcomings and sought to make their contribution to the dissemination of literacy among the local population. It is concluded that mutual aid societies became the first form of professional organization of teachers in Belarus and played an important role in raising its social status. The conclusions made by the author are based on the use of statistical data, archival sources, analysis of the legal framework and pre-revolutionary

historiography.

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References

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14.03.2024