SOCIAL SHAPE OF THE WORKING CLASS OF THE BSSR IN THE LATE 50S – 70S OF THE 20th CENTURY

UDC 323.33(091)(476 )«1950/1979»

Poliak Natalia Aleksandrovna – PhD (History), Associate Professor, Assistant Professor, the Department of Philosophy and Political Science. Belarusian State Medical University (83, Dzerzhinskogo Ave., 220083, Minsk, Republic of Belarus). E-mail: Polyak77@mail.ru

DOI: https://doi.org/ 10.52065/2520-6885-2024-287-13.

Key words: social history, BSSR, five-year plans, modernization, industry, structural changes in society, working class, social shape.

For citation: Poliak N. A. Social share of the working class of the BSSR in the 50s – 70s of the 20 century. Proceedings of BSTU, issue 6, History, Philosophy, 2024, no. 2 (287), pp. 71–76 (In Russian). DOI: 10.52065/2520-6885-2024-287-13.

Abstract

The social aspect of the history of Belarus in the late 1950s – 1970s is examined using the example of the working class of the BSSR. The unprecedented development of industry caused a quantitative increase in workers and, as a consequence, significant social transformations. The author gives a description of the working class of the BSSR and argues for social heterogeneity of those employed in industry, and also indicates the directions of qualitative changes in this social group. Based on the studied material, the article defines some criteria for differentiating the working class, including division by industry, paths to entry into the profession, length of service, gender, skill level, content of labor, and nationality. Conclusions are made that the most numerous among the workers were machine builders, and their concentration places were large cities. The content of labor and qualifications of workers were closely dependent on the increasing modernization of industry; they changed in the direction of decreasing physical labor and increasing the number of those with special education. The sources of replenishment of workers were the rural population, women, graduates of educational institutions, and the working class itself. The proportion of each source changed over time. Some social characteristics of the working class of the BSSR include the predominance of the titular nation, low staff turnover, and local migration.

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15.09.2024