UDC 376.74-054.57

Ostroga Valentina Mikhailovna – PhD (History), Associate Professor, Assistant Professor, the Department of History of Belarus and Political Science. Belarusian State Technological University (13a, Sverdlova str., 220006, Minsk, Republic of Belarus). E-mail: ostroha@belstu.by

 DOI: https://doi.org/ 10.52065/2520-6885-2023-275-2-4.

Key words: national school; Jewish educational institutions; Vilna educational district; Vilna Jewish Teachersʼ Institute; headers; Talmud Torah; yeshivot; melamed; teaching.

For citation: Ostroga V. M. Jewish educational institutions in Belarus and their teachers (second half of the 19 – beginning of the 20 century). Proceedings of BSTU, issue 6, History, Philosophy, 2023, no. 2 (275), pp. 23–29. DOI: 10.52065/2520-6885-2023-275-2-4 (In Russian).

Abstract

The article examines the development of Jewish educational institutions in Belarus in the second half of the 19th – early 20th century. It is emphasized that the Jewish education system developed at two levels – religious and secular. Religious activities were carried out within the framework of traditional educational institutions (cheders, Tal-mud-Torah), and secular activities were carried out in state, public, and private schools. Its development was regulated by legislative acts of the Russian Empire. In addition, children could study in general educational institutions (secondary and higher schools), as well as receive vocational education. The characteristics of the directions of state educational policy within the «Pale of Settlement» are given, which should have taken into account the presence of a multinational and multi-confessional composition of the population of the empire. Attention is paid to the number, legal and financial situation of the Jewish teaching staff, its educational level, gender composition, etc. The conclusions made by the author are based on an analysis of the legal framework, statistical data, archival sources, and pre-revolutionary historiography.

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References

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15.09.2023