LABOR QUESTION IN THE BELARUSIAN PROVINCES OF THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE IN THE LATE 19TH AND EARLY 20TH CENTURY
UDC 94:331.104(476)
Keywords: development of capitalism, working class, labor question, labor movement, Russian empire, Belarusian provinces, Russian revolutions, the State Duma, social labor legislation.
For citation: Dubovik A. A. Labor question in the Belarusian provinces of the Russian empire in the late 19th and early 20th century. Proceedings of BSTU, issue 6, History, Philosophy, 2023, no. 1 (269), pp. 45–49 (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.52065/2520-6885-2023-269-1-8.
Abstract
The article deals with the emergence of a labor question in the Russian empire that has become a prerequisite for revolutionary events in the beginning of the 20 century. It is shown that the plight of the working class in Russia and Belarus was more difficult than in the countries of Western Europe. Positions of various political parties and their organizations in Belarus on the labor question, its reflection in social and political struggle, as well as the activities of the government commissions to resolve labor problem, the attempts of the State Duma to develop social labor legislation are revealed. The most important were the two laws adopted by the Third State Duma in January 1912 on the insurance of workers: from accidents and sickness. However, there were significant restrictions on their use, which did not allow to radically improve the social situation of workers. As a result, the time for a peaceful solution to the labor question was lost, it was resolved in the country after the October socialist revolution of 1917.
References
- Rozental I. S. The Labor Issue in Pre-Revolutionary Russia. Otechestvennyye zapiski [Domestic notes], 2007, no 4, pp. 181–195 (In Russian).
- Ozerov I. Politika po rabochemu voprosu v Rossii za posledniye gody (po neizdannym dokumentam) [Policy on the labor question in Russia in recent years (according to unpublished documents)]. Мoscow, T-vo I. D. Sytina Publ., 1906. 322 p. (In Russian).
- Boyko T. V. Rabochiye Rossii i kul’tura [Workers of Russia and culture]. Moscow, IRI RAN Publ., 1997. 158 p. (In Russian).
- Abezgauz Z. Е. Razvitiye promyshlennosti i formirovaniye proletariyata Belorussii vo vtoroy polovine XIX veka [Development of industry and the formation of the proletariat of Belarus in the second half of the 19th century]. Мinsk, Nauka i tekhnika Publ., 1971. 178 p. (In Russian).
- Dovnar-Zapolskiy M. V. Narodnoye khozyaystvo Belorussii. 1861–1914 gg. [National economy of Belarus. 1861–1914]. Мinsk, Gosplan BSSR Publ., 1926. 238 p. (In Russian).
- Dubovik A. K. Formation of the labor market in Belarus in the 19th – early 20th century. Trud. Рrofsoyuzу. Obshchestvo [Labor. Trade Unions. Society], 2003, no 1, pp. 64–69 (In Russian).
- Rabochiy vopros v kommissii V. N. Kokovtsova v 1905 g. [Labor question in the commission of V. N. Kokovcov in 1905]. Мoscow, Voprosy truda Publ., 1926. 284 p. (In Russian).
- Golovach E. I. Vliyaniye liberal’nykh i pravykh partiy na sotsialnuyu modernizatsiyu belorusskikh zemel’ (1905–1914). Avtoreferat dissertatsii kandidata istoricheskikh nauk [The influence of liberal and right-wing parties on the social modernization of the belarusian lands (1905–1914)]. Abstract of thesis PhD (History)]. Mogilev, 2022. 24 p. (In Russian).
- Zabavsky N. M. Gramadska-palitychnaya barats’ba u Belarusi u khodze vybarau i dzeynatsi Rasiyskay Dzyarzhaunay Dumy I–IV sklikannyau (1906–1917 gg.). Autareferat dysertatsii doktara gistarychnykh navuk [Social and political struggle in Belarus during the elections and activities of the Russian State Duma of the I–IV convocations (1906–1917). Abstract of thesis DSc (History)]. Мinsk, 2000. 40 p. (In Belarusian).
- Golovach E. I. Labor question in Third State Duma. Izvestiya Smolenskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta [News of Smolensk State University], 2008, no 3, pp. 135–143 (In Russian).
- Famin V. M. Social events of state bodies to resolve labor problems in Belarus (late 19th – early 20th century). Aktuaĺ’nyya prablemy stanaulennya i razvitstsya belaruskay dzyarzhaunastsi. materyyaly resp. navuk.-tearet. kanf.: u 2 ch. [Actual problems of formation and development of Belarusian statehood. Materials of the republican scientific and theoretical conference]. Мinsk, 2009, part 1, pp. 117–123 (In Belarusian).
- Istoriya rabochego klassa Belorusskoy SSR. V 4 t. T. 1. Rabochiy klass Belorussii v period kapitalizma [History of the working class of the Belarusian SSR. In 4 vol. Vol. 1. Working class of Belarus under capitalism]. Мinsk, Nauka i tekhnika Publ., 1984. 400 p. (In Russian).
