THE COMPOSITION OF HIRED WORKERS OF HANDICRAFT ENTERPISES IN MINSK AND THE REGULATION OF THEIR WORKING CONDITIONS (LATE XIX – EARLY XX CENTURY)
UDC 331.1:334.712(476)
Keywords: history, city, Belarus, craft production, employed worker, legislation.
For citation: Alexashina G. V. The composition of hired workers of handicraft enterprises in Minsk and the regulation of their working conditions (late XIX – early XX century). Proceedings of BSTU, issue. 6, History, Philosophy, 2022, no. 2 (263), pp. 16–20 (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.52065/2520-6885-2022-263-2-16-20.
Abstract
On the basis of statistical sources, the number, professional composition and composition by type of production of hired workers of craft workshops in Minsk in 1895, 1898, 1908 and their changes in dynamics are considered. The specific weight of hired workers by types of production and professions in the total composition of workers of craft workshops is determined. At the end of the XIX – beginning of the XX century, there was a constant steady increase in the number of hired workers of craft workshops in Minsk. They made up a significant part of the city's industrial workers. Most of the workers were engaged in the production of clothing, household goods and in construction. The order of activity of handicraft establishments in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, as well as the work of hired workers in them, was regulated by the Craft Charter of 1879. Persons engaged in hired labor for artisans were defined by the current legislation as artisan workers. During the period under review, legal norms regulating the work of employees were adopted. The length of the working day for children and adolescents engaged in production was limited by law, the responsibility of entrepreneurs for the implementation of the law was established, control over compliance with legal norms by the authorities was strengthened.
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