THE ESTIMATION OF THE CRYSTALLINITY DEGREE OF FINE POWDERS OF SECONDARY POLYETHYLENE TEREPHTHALATE BY IR-SPECTROSCOPY

UDC 678.674'524:543.42

  • Shrubok Aleksandra Olegovna − PhD (Engineering), Asistant Professor, the Department of Oil and Gas Processing and Petroleum Chemistry. Belarusian State Technological University (13a, Sverdlova str., 220006, Minsk, Republic of Belarus). E-mail: shrubok@belstu.by

  • Happi Wako Black Junior − PhD student. Belarusian State Technological University (13a, Sverdlova str., 220006, Minsk, Republic of Belarus). E-mail: wakojunior@mail.ru

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52065/2520-2669-2022-259-2-41-48

Key words: polyethylene terephthalate waste, waste processing, fine polymer powders, crystallinity degree, IR spectroscopy, spectral coefficients.

For citation: Shrubok A. O., Happi Wako B. J. The estimation of the crystallinity degree of fine powders of secondary polyethylene terephthalate by IR-spectroscopy. Proceedings of BSTU, issue 2, Chemical Engineering, Biotechnologies, Geoecology, 2022, no. 2 (259), pp. 41–48 (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.52065/2520-2669-2022-259-2-41-48.

Abstract

The article considers the problems and peculiarities of recycling of polyethylene terephthalate waste. The paper has shown that one of the promising ways of PET waste recycling is solvent method, which allows to obtain pure secondary polymers with high physical and mechanical properties. The aim of the work is to define the structural features of fine PET powders with particle size from 5 to 70 µm produced by solvent method from various polymer PET wastes (bottled PET, polyester fiber wastes). The structural state and crystallinity degree of PET powders were characterized by IR spectroscopy. The relative intensities of absorption bands, typical for trans- and gosh-conformations, of PET powders in relation to the reference bands at 1505 and 1570 cm–1, and spectral ratios (D973/D795 and D848/D795, D1042/D795 and D895/D795, D1098/D1370 and D1255/D1370) were calculated. It is shown that the ratio of trans- to gosh-conformations in PET powders is affected by the PET waste type (fibers, PET bottles) and the ratio of PET : organic solvent. The increase of the ratio waste : solvent from 1 : 10 to 1 : 30 leads to the increase of their crystallinity degree on the average 4.3 times. It is shown that using the ratio of intensities of bands D1098/D1370 and D1255/D1370 correlates well with the data on the crystallinity degree of PET powders determined by the densities of the crystal and amorphous polymer phase. It has been found that these spectral coefficients can be used to assess the crystallinity degree of PET powders.

Download

References

  1. Shayers Dzh. Retsikling plastmass: nauka, tekhnologiya, praktika [Plastics recycling: science, technology, practice]. St. Petersburg, Nauchnyye osnovy i tekhnologii Publ., 2012. 640 p. (In Russian).
  2. Kernitskiy V. I., Zhir N. A. Recycling of polyethylene terephthalate waste. Polimernyye materialy [Polymer materials], 2014, no. 8, pp. 11–21 (In Russian).
  3. An analysis of European plastics production, demand and waste data. Plastics Europe (the Association of Plastics Manufacturers in Europe) and EPRO (the European Association of Plastics Recycling and Recovery Organizations). Available at: https://plasticseurope.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Plastics-theFacts-2021-web-final.pdf (accessed 06.04.2022).
  4. Report on the volume of collection of secondary material resources and waste of goods and packaging, the amount of spending money received from manufacturers and suppliers for 2021 (Operator of secondary material resources). Available at: https://vtoroperator.by/sites/default/files/operator_2021_0.pdf (accessed 06.04.2022). (In Russian).
  5. Environmental protection in the Republic of Belarus. Statistical compendium (National Statistical Committee of the Republic of Belarus (Belstat)). 2021. 203 p. Available at: https://www.belstat.gov.by (accessed 06.04.2022). (In Russian).
  6. Mashkovich A. M. Features of processing polyethylene terephthalate into films and sheets. Polimernyye materialy [Polymer materials], 2018, no. 4, pp. 36–41 (In Russian).
  7. Vtorichnaya pererabotka plastmass [Recycling of plastics] / ed. F. La Mantiya. St. Petersburg, Professiya Publ., 2006, 400 p. (In Russian).
  8. Urmantsev U. R., Grudnikov I. B., Tabaev B. V., Lakeev S. N., Ishalina O. V. Khimiya i tekhnologiya proizvodstva polietilentereftalata [Chemistry and production technology of polyethylene terephthalate]. St. Petersburg, Nedra Publ., 2016. 130 p. (In Russian).
  9. Tabaev B. V., Khlestkin R. N., Maslennikov E. I. Features of crystallization of amorphous polyethylene terephthalate in the solid phase under mechanical deformation. Bashkirskiy khimicheskiy zhurnal [Bashkir Chemical Journal], 2010, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 29–31 (In Russian).
  10. Lipik V. T., Evsey A. V., Pobedinskaya N. P., Prokopchuk N. R. Recycling waste of multilayer plastics. Trudy BGTU [Proceedings of BSTU], series IV, Chemistry, Organic Substances Technology and Biotechnology, 2006, issue XIV, pp. 71–75 (In Russian).
  11. Maurer A., Knauf U., Wolz G., Frankl M., Beck O. Method for recycling polyesters or polyester mixtures from polyester-containing waste. Patent US 20070265361, 2011.
  12. Layman D. M., Gunnerson M., Shoneman Kh., Uil’yams K. Method for cleaning contaminated polymers. Patent RU 2687936, 2019 (In Russian).
  13. Dzhaylz D., Bruks D., Sabsay O. Yu. Proizvodstvo upakovki iz PET [Production of PET packaging]. Moscow, Professiya Publ., 2006, 368 p. (In Russian).
  14. Schmidt P. G. Polyethylene Terephthalate Structural Studies. Journal of polymer science, 1963, vol. 1, pp. 1271–1292. DOI: 10.1002/pol.1963.100010417.
  15. Petukhov B. V. Poliefirnyye volokna [Polyester fibers]. Moscow, Khimiya Publ., 1976. 272 p. (In Russian).
  16. Roberge М., Prud’homme R. E., Brisson J. Molecular modelling of the uniaxial deformation of amorphous polyethylene terephthalate. Polymer, 2004, vol. 45, pp. 1401–1411. DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2003.04.005.
  17. Chen Z., Hay J. N., Jenkins M. J. FTIR spectroscopic analysis of poly(ethylene terephthalate) on crystallization. European Polymer Journal, 2012, no. 48, pp. 1586–1610. DOI: 10.1016/j.tca.2012.11.002.
  18. Infrakrasnaya spektroskopiya polimerov [Infrared spectroscopy of polymers] / ed. I. Dekhanta. Moscow, Khimiya Publ., 1976, 473 p. (In Russian).
  19. Fomina N. N., Ivashchenko Yu. G., Polyanskiy M. M. Study of the structural features of polyethylene terephthalate during recycling. Fundamental’nyye issledovaniya [Fundamental research], 2017, no. 2, pp. 93–97 (In Russian).
  20. Kudashev S. V., Urmantsev U. R., Tabaev B. V., Arisova V. N., Danilenko T. I., Zheltobryukhov V. F. Influence of 1,1,3-trihydroperfluoropropanol-1 on the structure and properties of polyethylene terephthalate films. Izvestiya VolgGTU [News of the VolgGTU], series Chemistry and Technology of Organoelement Monomers and Polymeric Materials, 2013, issue 11, no. 19 (122), pp. 86–90 (In Russian).
  21. C. Cole K., Ajji A., Pellerin É. New Insights into the Development of Ordered Structure in Poly(ethylene terephthalate). 1. Results from External Reflection Infrared Spectroscopy. Macromolecules, 2002, 35 (3), pp. 770–784. DOI: 10.1021/ma011492i.
  22. Tzavalas S., Mouzakis D. E., Drakonakis V., Gregoriou, V. G. Polyethylene terephthalate-multiwall nanotubes nanocomposites: Effect of nanotubes on the conformations, crystallinity and crystallization behavior of PET. Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics, 2008, no. 46 (7), pp. 668–676. DOI: 10.1002/polb.21378.
  23. Desai A. B., Wilkes G. L. Solvent-induced crystallization of polyethylene terephthalate. Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Symposia, 1974, no. 46(1), pp. 291–319. DOI: 10.1002/polc.5070460123.
  24. Afonso E., Martínez-Gómez A., Huerta A., Tiemblo P., García N. Facile Preparation of Hydrophobic PET Surfaces by Solvent Induced Crystallization. Coatings, 2022, no. 12 (2). 137. Available at: https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6412/12/2/137 (accessed 06.04.2022). DOI: 10.3390/coatings12020137.
08.04.2022