GOVERNMENT POLICY IN THE BELARUSIAN LANDS DURING THE FORMATION OF INDUSTRIAL SOCIETY (THE SECOND HALF OF THE XIX CENTURY)
UDC 94(476)
Key words: government policy, industrial society, Pale of Settlement, bourgeois reforms, education.
For citation: Karpiyevich V. A. Government policy in the Belarusian lands during the formation of industrial society (the second half of the XIX century). Proceedings of BSTU, issue 6, History, Philosophy, 2021, no. 1 (245), pp. 33–37 (In Belarusian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.52065/2520-6885-2021-245-1-33-37.
Abstract
The article is devoted to the problem of the formation of an industrial society in the Belarusian lands in the second half of the ХІХ century and the policy pursued by the Government'sin these lands. The authorities saw the nobility as their main support and pursued a policy to protect its interests. Yet throughout the ХІХ century tsarism treated the local landowners with distrust. Most of them were polonized and supported anti-Russian sentiments. This was repeatedly demonstrated during the uprisings in the Western provinces. The authorities limited the activities of public organizations, zemstvos emerged here only at the beginning of the ХХ century. Railway construction, and then the introduction of a differentiated tariff for the carriage of goods, also did not fully meet the interests of local landowners. The policy of the authorities in relation to the Jewish population is considered. The Government's education policy is considered separately. It did not contribute to the development of an education system that would correspond to the formation of a bourgeois society.
References
- Polnoye sobraniye zakonov Rossiyskoy imperii (PSZRI) [Complete Collection of Laws of the Russian Empire (CCLRE)]. St. Petersburg, Gos. tip. Publ., 1882, vol. 2. 1139 p.
- Sementovskiy A. Adres-kalendar’ Vilenskogo general-gubernatorstva na 1868 g. [Address calendar of the Vilnius Governor General for 1868]. Vil’na, Tip. K. Vul’fa Publ., 1868. 246 p.
- PSZRI [CCLRE]. St. Petersburg, Tip. 2 branches of H. I. M. the Chancellery, 1866, vol. 38. 941 p.
- PSZRI [CCLRE]. St. Petersburg, Tip. 2 branches of H. I. M. the Chancellery, 1867, vol. 40. 991 p.
- Karpіevіch V. A. Razvіtstse gandlyu u Belarusі (1861–1900). Dis. kand. gіst. navuk [Development of trade in Belarus (1861–1900). Kand. Diss]. Mіnsk, 2003. 138 p.
- National historical archive of belarus. Fund 295. I. 1. F. 1458.
- Kovalevskiy G. T. Ekonomika Belorussii v epokhu imperializma. 1900–1917 [The economy of Belarus in the era of imperialism. 1900–1917]. Minsk, Akademiуа nauk BSSR Publ., 1963. 420 p.
- Kozhushkov A. I. Razvitiye kapitalizma v sel’skom khozyaystve Belorussii vo vtoroy polovine XІX v. [The development of capitalism in the agriculture of Belarus in the second half of the nineteenth century]. Minsk, Izd-vo Ministerstva vysshego, srednego spetsial’nogo i professional’nogo obrazovaniya BSSR Publ., 1963. 87 p.
- Kitanina T. M. Khlebnaya torgovlya Rossii v 1875–1914 gg.: Ocherki pravitel’stvennoy politiki [Grain trade in Russia in 1875–1914: Essays on government Policy]. Leningrad, Nauka Publ., 1978. 287 p.
- Beyl’kin Kh. Yu. Sel’skokhozyaystvennyy rynok Belorussii. 1861–1914 [Agricultural market of Belarus. 1861–1914]. Minsk, Nauka i tekhnika Publ., 1989. 288 p.
- Prilozheniye k issledovaniyu N. P. Yasnopol’skogo “O geograficheskom raspredelenii gosudarstvenny’kh dokhodov i raskhodov v Rossii” [Appendix to the study by N. P. Yasnopolsky “On the geographical distribution of state revenues and expenses in Russia”]. Kiev, Tip. un-ta Sv. Vladimira Publ., 1897. 119 p.
- Shabayeva M. F. Ocherki istorii shkoly i pedagogicheskoy mysli narodov SSSR. XVIII – pervaya polovina XIX v. [Essays on the history of school and pedagogical thought of the peoples of the USSR. XVIII– the first half of the XIX century]. Moscow, Pedagogika Publ., 1973. 608 p.
- Dokumenty i materialy po istorii Belorussii [Documents and materials on the history of Belarus]. Minsk, Akademiya nauk BSSR, Institut istorii Publ., 1953, vol. 3: 1900–1917. 1020 p.
